Stonehenge Stone Circle News and Information

The discovery was made during a study led by Australian scientists, who think the massive stone could have been transported by sea more than 5,000 years ago.

Previous geological research suggested that the six-tonne slab probably originated from the Brecon Beacons in south east Wales.

Now, scientists have concluded that the monumental Altar Stone actually hails over 460 miles from Salisbury Plain in north east Scotland.

For more than a century, archaeologists have known that some of the stones at Stonehenge came from Wales and were transported – somehow – about 125 miles ( 200km) to the site of the Neolithic monument on Salisbury Plain.

Now, a “jaw-dropping” study has revealed that one of Stonehenge’s central megaliths is not Welsh at all – it is actually Scottish.

In a discovery described by one of the scientists involved as “genuinely shocking”, new analysis has found that the largest “bluestone” at Stonehenge was dragged or floated to the site from the very north-east corner of Scotland – a distance of at least 466 miles (about 750km)

RELATIVE NEWS
Stonehenge megalith came from Scotland, not Wales, ‘jaw-dropping’ study finds – THE GUARDIAN
Experts believe the Stonehenge Altar Stone could have come from as far away as northern England or Scotland. We anticipate an exciting revelation shortly. STONEHENGE NEWS BLOG
Stonehenge mystery deepens after iconic stone is from a surprising location – THE METRO
Stonehenge’s altar stone was brought all the way from Scotland – THE NEW SCIENTIST
Famous Stonehenge stone came from Scotland not Wales – BBC
Want to visit Stonehenge with an expert tout guide and hear all aboithe the latest discoveries? THE STONEHENGE TOUR COMPANY

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Speaking in the House of Commons yesterday, chancellor of the exchequer Rachel Reeves has said that the scheme is unaffordable and that “if we cannot afford it, we cannot do it”.

Plans to build a two-mile tunnel near to Stonehenge have been cancelled by the government.

The scheme along the A303 in Wiltshire, which was agreed by the previous Conservative government, had faced a number of legal challenges from campaigners.

But the new Labour government has now scrapped the £2bn project altogether, as announced by Chancellor Rachel Reeves, who said the Transport Secretary has agreed not to “move forward” with the project.

Wiltshire Council said it was “extremely dismayed and disappointed” by the announcement.

The plan has been controversial with locals spilt on the issue and there has been international interest, with UNESCO raising concerns about the World Heritage Site.

Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer had failed to commit to the scheme during the election campaign.

Campaigners have gone to the High Court several times over the project, including just a couple of weeks ago.

The first approval was quashed by the High Court in 2021, then given the green light again by the DfT in July 2023.

It was put on hold after another High Court challenge in December, then a judicial review dismissed their challenge in February and said the DfT had followed the correct process.

The outcome of the judicial review was believed to be incorrect by campaigners, and after appealing the decision, they were granted approval to challenge it in May.

They had been waiting on another update before the news earlier that Labour would scrap the plans.

Campaigner John Adams, from Save Stonehenge World Heritage Site, said: “We think that all the agencies involved should get together and look at other intelligent alternatives.

“Not necessarily a whole road scheme, but there are things that could be done at both ends of the World Heritage Site and to stop rat-running through local villages.”

Residents have complained of rat-running for many years when the A303 is congested.

The Conservative MP for the area, Danny Kruger, said the new government “must fund an alternative plan to help communities around the A303 cope with the volume of traffic”.

“Road improvements have been needed for years but delayed in anticipation of the tunnel. The status quo is completely unacceptable,” he added.

Paul McKernan, a parish councillor in the village of Shrewton, told the BBC: “We routinely have traffic at a complete standstill through these very narrow roads as people’s satnavs take them away from the A303.

“We don’t even need an accident or a blockage now. The impact for the villages is that they can’t use the high street – much of it doesn’t have pavements – people tend to feel besieged. It’s getting worse.”

STONEHENGE TUNNEL LINKS:
Stonehenge Tunnel among infrastructure projects axed by government in budget overhaul NEW CIVIL ENGINEER
Stonehenge tunnel plans axed by Chancellor Rachel Reeves – SALISBURY JOURNAL
Stonehenge tunnel scheme scrapped by government – BBC
Stonehenge: Tunnel Vision. THE STONEHENGE NEWS BLOG:
The Stonehenge Tunnel Debate – the good, the bad, and the ugly – THE STONEHENGE NEWS BLOG

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Just before Summer Solstice 2024, two protesters from the Just Stop Oil campaign group jumped the rope barrier between the paying public and Stonehenge itself to douse three stones in orange-coloured cornstarch using a pair of fire extinguishers.

In this particular instance, there was limited damage to the monument (the orange powder was removed with a leaf blower) but far, far more to the cause of JSO. It was almost universally condemned by anyone who was asked to comment – aside from those who felt the ends justified the means.

This isn’t the first time that this icon of British prehistory has been the target of stunts like this, and it probably won’t be the last.

Back in the late 1950s the monument was daubed overnight with white paint depicting what was supposed to be the Peace symbol in protest at nuclear proliferation. Whoever did it wasn’t as effective as they’d hoped because what they actually drew was the Mercedes Benz logo.

To be fair, the icon had only been invented a year or so beforehand and in a pre-Internet age such memes were slower to propagate. By the early 21^st century CND used a 3D version of the symbol against a backdrop of Stonehenge to get their point across.

2007 saw the campaign group Fathers For Justice storm the monument dressed as the Flintstones and equipped with ladders to make their case. Baffled Police could do nothing except wait for them to get down of their own accord.

More recently, the ongoing saga of the imprisonment of Julian Assange has been highlighted at most solstices by campaigners armed with no more than a cardboard cutout. Simple, effective, and no threat to anyone – unlike Julian, apparently.

The eternal quest to drive from London to the southwest of England 8 minutes quicker, necessitating the building of a £2.5Bn four lane expressway across the World Heritage Site with some of it in a tunnel but a lot of it at ground level, has birthed a world-wide campaign against the plan – headed up by the Stonehenge Alliance.

Their tactics involve more conventional means like leafleting, Judicial Reviews, petitions and banners and obviously use Stonehenge as the backdrop since it is at the centre of the controversy.

At the time of writing (June 24th 2024) UNESCO has just said it is recommending putting Stonehenge on the list of World Heritate Sites “At Risk” at its 46^th Session in New Delhi in July as a consequence of the tunnel project “despite repeated warnings from the World Heritage Committee since 2017”.

There is, though, one protester who has been front and centre for decades – King Arthur Uther Pendragon, Leader of the Loyal Arthurian Warband. An eco-warrior Druid veteran of anti-road schemes and tireless campaigner for the rights of all people to celebrate freely at Stonehenge.

After the appalling scenes of the Battle of the Beanfield in 1985 – when a large mob of largely anonymous Police and drafted in military personnel ambushed, attacked and violently beat up a convoy of peaceful folk attempting to make their way to Stonehenge for the free music festival that had been ongoing for 11 years and had just been banned by the authorities – a 4 mile exclusion zone was created around the site in summer to prevent further festival attempts in subsequent years.

In the 1990s, Arthur set up a (mostly) one-person protest camp by the Heelstone and camped on a nearby byway so he could draw attention to the exclusion issue as well as that of charging for access to Stonehenge. He was arrested every year as he tried to make his way to the monument for Solstice across the exclusion zone and became a royal pain in the arse to the authorities.

When jailed he refused to wear prison uniform and insisted on being allowed his Druid robes. When this was denied, he refused to wear clothes at all.

The media didn’t know what to make of it – on the one hand he was a troublemaker with a weird name and a stranger appearance who kept banging on about an odd cause, and on the other he was a charismatic underdog with a weird name and a stranger appearance who kept banging on about an odd cause!

In the end, in 1999, the UK Law Lords ruled that people had a right to free assembly on the public highway provided it was peaceful and unobstructive. The exclusion zone became unenforceable and everything changed.

The following year the first Managed Open Access to Stonehenge for the Summer Solstice took place, and any who wanted to attend to celebrate were freely allowed to do so for the first time in 15 years.

Stonehenge, of course, cares nothing for all of this. In 5000 years it has seen it all.

At least two murders – one in the Bronze Age, by arrowshot (“The Stonehenge Archer”) buried with care in the encircling ditch, and another in Saxon times by being (partially) beheaded then crammed into a crude grave just outside the sarsen circle, hammering by “picnickers” to extract souvenirs or engrave their initials on the stones reported through the 1700s and 1800s, clashes between early 20^th century Druids and the lone Policeman charged with guarding the monument against the deposition of cremation ashes, painted graffiti perpetrated by everyone from drunk Army officers in 1938 to Radio Caroline fans in the 1960s – the list of slights to Stonehenge is almost endless.

If we are outraged by protesters using it to garner headlines, perhaps we should instead ask ourselves why we are apparently incapable as a society of engaging in meaningful civilised debate on vital topics in the first place.

POST BY GUEST BLOGGER AND LOCAL STONEHENGE EXPERT – SIMON BANTON

RELEVANT LINKS:
Two arrested after Stonehenge vandalised by Just Stop Oil – SALISBURY JOURNAL
Just Stop Oil spray Stonehenge with orange paint as heroic passer-by steps in to try to drag them away
DAILY MAIL

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The media has, this week, been running a story about the upcoming Major Lunar Standstill – an event that only occurs only 18.6 years – discussing how academics from a variety of institutions are planning to carry out observations to see if Stonehenge has any alignments to the Moon.

One quote from an article in The Guardian’s piece on this topic says:

“It is also possible that four “station stones” forming a rectangle at the site – two of which are still standing – may have been positioned to mark the major lunar standstill.”

Not a single mention is made, in either this article or in any of the others that have appeared, of the two people who first proposed this hypothesis over 60 years ago – Professor of Astronomy at Boston University, Gerald Hawkins, and amateur astronomer C. A. “Peter” Newham, a retired Group General Manager of the North Eastern Gas Board.

Working independently, and unknown to each other, they each suggested that the long sides of the Station Stone Rectangle at Stonehenge was aligned to the extremest possible southerly Moonrise and northerly Moonset positions on the SE and NW horizons.

Newham’s idea was first reported in a newspaper article about his work which appeared in the 16^th March 1963 edition of the Yorkshire Post.

“The first remarkable discovery he made was that a line drawn from mound 94 to 91 would appear to coincide with the point on the horizon where the moon rises at its most southerly point during its 19-year cycle. Conversely, the line from 92 to 93 marks the moonset at its most Northerly setting point.”

Hawkins’ identical realisation was first published in his paper “Stonehenge Decoded” in the journal “Nature” vol 200, 26^th October 1963.

It is fascinating that these two individuals arrived at the same conclusion, publishing mere months apart, having never previously corresponded or met with each other. Subsequently, of course, they became very aware of their fellow megalithomaniac and both contributed papers to Nature in the succeeding years.

Prof. Richard Atkinson, the acknowledged authority on all matters Stonehengey at the time, had a clear fondness and respect for Peter Newham in stark contrast to his antipathy towards Gerald Hawkins. He lambasted Hawkins’ work in a letter to Antiquity in 1966 entitled “Moonshine on Stonehenge”, but wrote a touching obituary for Newham following Peter’s death in April 1974 saying:

“He was also the first to give a detailed analysis and interpretation of the enigmatic array of postholes on the entrance causeway of the circular earthwork; and the first again to provide an astronomical explanation of the three huge postholes found during the extension of the Stonehenge car-park in 1966. For this and for much else besides he will be remembered with affection and gratitude.”

Gerald Hawkins’ insights continue to be unfairly decried in the official story as told in the new Stonehenge Visitor Centre exhibition, but Peter Newham doesn’t even rate a mention – although his excellent little book “The Astronomical Significance of Stonehenge” used to be stocked in the gift shop at the old site and was extremely popular.

As the Major Lunar Standstill of 2024/5 approaches, we should take the chance to remember Peter as one of those gifted amateurs who – by dint of keen observations made by an enquiring mind – recovered some of the lost understanding of this enigmatic monument’s purpose.

Major Standstill Southernmost Moonrise having just risen over Station Stone 91
as seen from the position of Station Stone 94 on 9^th July 2006
© Simon Banton

GUEST BLOGGER: SIMON BANTON

RELEVANT LINKS:
Rare lunar event to shed light on Stonehenge’s links to the moon – THE GUARDIAN
Were Stonehenge’s Builders Guided by the Moon? – SMITHSONIAN MAG
Tours of Stonehenge with local guided experts – STONEHENGE GUIDED TOURS
Stonehenge may have aligned with the Moon as well as the Sun – THE CONVERSATION
Mysterious secret behind Stonehenge could be ‘linked to the moon’ say scientists – THE MIRROR
Bid to shed light on whether Moon could have influenced – THE STANDARD
Stonehenge Walking Tours – STONEHENGE TOUR COMPANY

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